A through-type shot blasting machine is an automated equipment used to clean, rust, descale, and enhance the surface roughness of metal workpieces. It is widely used in the continuous processing of medium and large workpieces such as steel structures, profiles, plates, castings and forgings. Compared with crawler-type and hook-type shot blasting equipment, the through-type has the advantages of continuous transportation, labor saving, and adaptability to production line layout. When designing a through-type shot blasting machine, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the cleaning effect, workpiece adaptability, equipment structure, shot blasting system, safety, environmental protection, and automatic control to ensure its stable performance, high efficiency, and strong adaptability.

1. Design factors related to shot blasting cleaning effect
Number and layout angle of shot blasting machines
The shot blasting machine (impeller) is the core component, which directly determines the cleaning efficiency and effect;
The number is usually 4 to 8, arranged in a "well" shape, "diagonal" shape, "double row staggered", etc., to ensure that all sides of the workpiece are covered;
The design of the projectile angle should be scientific to ensure that the projectile covers the cleaning area without rebounding and damaging the equipment.
Shot type and specification selection
Commonly used steel shot, steel sand, stainless steel shot, the particle size is generally 0.6mm~1.5mm;
Through-type shot blasting machine manufacturers select shot types according to the material and surface requirements of the workpiece (such as roughness grade Sa2.5, Sa3.0);
Shot hardness, consumption rate and recyclability must be considered.
Shot blasting speed and power matching
The speed of the shot blasting machine is generally 1800~3000rpm;
The power is usually 7.5kW~30kW/piece, and the total power should be designed according to the material, size and degree of rust of the workpiece;
The shot blasting speed should match the conveying speed to avoid unclean cleaning or excessive impact.

2. Conveying and workpiece adaptability design
Conveying system form selection
Usually roller conveyor or chain conveyor is adopted;
Roller conveyor is suitable for steel, plate, steel structure, chain is suitable for irregular workpiece or pendant;
The conveying speed needs to be adjustable (such as 0.5~4 m/min) to adapt to different cleaning rhythms.
Conveying load and protection design
The manufacturer of the through-type shot blasting machine designs sufficient bearing capacity, taking into account the weight and inertia of the workpiece;
Set up wear-resistant guard plates, roller rubber or ceramic protection to prevent the projectiles from damaging the rollers.
Adapt to various specifications of workpieces
The working cabin size (such as effective channel width × height) must meet the workpiece;
Set up adjustable guide plates and limit mechanisms to improve the clamping and conveying stability of small workpieces.

3. Dust removal and environmental protection system design
Dust removal system design
Shot blasting produces a lot of dust, and a pulse bag dust collector or a cyclone dust collector + bag dust collector combination should be configured;
The air volume should be designed according to the size and closure of the cabin, generally 8000~30000 m³/h;
Ensure that the emission meets the standards and prevents secondary pollution (meet the emission standards of GB 16297-1996).
Sealing and dust control
Set up a multi-level sealing structure (such as curtain seal, rubber edge sealing) to prevent projectiles from splashing;
Set up dust curtains or rotating sealing devices at the entrance and exit of the cleaning room.

4. Design of Shot Circulation and Separation System
Shot Recovery System
Includes hopper → screw conveyor → bucket elevator → air separator;
The whole process needs to be closed, anti-blocking and anti-leakage to improve recovery efficiency.
Separator performance optimization
The separator can remove dust, scale, broken shots and screen out;
Shot feeding system
Set up automatic feeding device or manual feeding port to ensure constant circulation of shots during use;
Shot consumption monitoring function can be integrated for easy maintenance and management.

5. Structural strength and wear-resistant protection design
Cleaning chamber structure design
The cleaning chamber needs to adopt high-strength steel welding structure and be lined with replaceable wear-resistant manganese steel plate or rolled wear-resistant plate (such as NM400);
The structure needs to have good seismic resistance and impact strength.
Key parts strengthening design
The ejection area, the lower part of the roller, and the inner wall of the chamber need to be equipped with a replacement structure for wearing parts for easy maintenance;
Inspection doors and safety doors are set up to ensur